6-Mercaptopurine (6MP) inhibits the enzyme phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (PRPP amidotransferase). This enzyme is critical for purine synthesis, which is required for DNA and RNA creation in cells. By blocking PRPP amidotransferase, 6MP affects normal metabolic processes in cells, notably those involved in DNA and RNA synthesis. This disturbance impacts the cell cycle, notably the S phase, during which cells are actively dividing. Ultimately, 6MP's interference with purine synthesis causes the death of quickly growing cells, particularly malignant ones. In addition, 6MP functions as an immunomodulator by inhibiting multiple nucleic acid manufacturing processes, reducing the growth of immune response cells. As a result, by inhibiting PRPP amidotransferase, 6-mercaptopurine plays an important role in suppressing cancer cell proliferation and increasing cell death in some kinds of leukemia and other malignancies.
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